The Kandy Dalada Maligawa, also known as the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic, is one of the most revered sites in Sri Lanka, holding profound religious, cultural, and historical significance. Nestled in the scenic city of Kandy, this temple houses the sacred tooth relic of the Buddha, making it a pivotal pilgrimage site for Buddhists from around the world.
Early History
The history of the Sacred Tooth Relic traces back to the 4th century CE when it was brought to Sri Lanka from India. According to legend, the relic was smuggled into the island by Princess Hemamali and Prince Dantha, hidden in the princess’s hair. The arrival of the relic in Sri Lanka marked a significant event, symbolizing the sanctity and sovereignty of the Buddhist kingdom.
Initially, the relic was housed in various locations around the island, including Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, and Dambadeniya, depending on the ruling kingdom. It was not until the 16th century, during the reign of King Vimaladharmasuriya I, that the relic found its permanent home in Kandy. Recognizing the relic’s importance, the king constructed a temple within the royal palace complex to enshrine it, thus beginning the legacy of the Dalada Maligawa.
Architectural Evolution
The architecture of the Dalada Maligawa reflects a blend of Kandyan, Dravidian, and Thai influences, showcasing the region’s rich cultural interactions. The temple complex has undergone several renovations and expansions over the centuries, each adding to its grandeur and intricate design.
One of the most striking features of the temple is the octagonal Pattirippuwa, which was originally used as a viewing gallery for the royal family during religious ceremonies. This structure, along with the golden canopy over the main shrine, exemplifies the exquisite craftsmanship of Kandyan artisans. The temple’s walls are adorned with intricate murals depicting Buddhist themes, historical events, and floral motifs, adding to its aesthetic and spiritual appeal.
Religious Significance
The Dalada Maligawa is not just an architectural marvel but also a vital center of Buddhist worship and ritual. The Sacred Tooth Relic is believed to be the left canine tooth of the Buddha, symbolizing his spiritual presence and the continuity of his teachings. Its veneration is a practice deeply embedded in Sri Lankan Buddhism, signifying devotion, reverence, and protection.
The relic is enshrined in a series of nested golden caskets, each adorned with precious gems. It is kept in the Inner Chamber, accessible only to the high-ranking monks and the President of Sri Lanka during special occasions. The daily rituals at the temple, including the Thevava (offerings of food and flowers), attract thousands of devotees and tourists, creating a vibrant spiritual atmosphere.
The Esala Perahera – Kandy Dalada Maligawa
One of the most spectacular events associated with the Dalada Maligawa is the annual Esala Perahera, a grand procession held in July or August. This centuries-old festival, which lasts for ten days, features a majestic parade of decorated elephants, traditional dancers, drummers, and fire-breathers, culminating in the display of a replica of the sacred relic. The Esala Perahera is not only a religious observance but also a cultural extravaganza, reflecting the island’s rich heritage and communal harmony.
Challenges and Preservation
Throughout its history, the Dalada Maligawa has faced numerous challenges, including natural disasters and political upheavals. One of the most significant threats was the bomb attack by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in 1998, which caused extensive damage to the temple. However, the resilient spirit of the Sri Lankan people and the government’s dedication to preserving this cultural treasure led to its meticulous restoration.
Today, the Dalada Maligawa is a UNESCO World Heritage site, recognized for its outstanding cultural value. Efforts to preserve the temple include ongoing conservation projects, archaeological studies, and the promotion of sustainable tourism practices. The temple remains a beacon of peace, spirituality, and cultural pride, attracting visitors from all corners of the globe.
The Kandy Dalada Maligawa stands as a testament to Sri Lanka’s rich Buddhist heritage and its enduring cultural legacy. From its origins in ancient India to its prominent place in the heart of Kandy, the Sacred Tooth Relic has played a pivotal role in shaping the island’s history and identity. The temple’s architectural splendor, religious significance, and vibrant traditions continue to inspire awe and reverence, ensuring that the legacy of the Dalada Maligawa endures for generations to come.
